Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint condition that affects the knee joint, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones in the knee joint gradually wears down over time. As a result, the bones may start rubbing against each other, leading to discomfort and inflammation.
There are several factors that can contribute to the development of knee osteoarthritis. The most common cause is aging, as the natural wear and tear on the joints over time can lead to the breakdown of cartilage. Repetitive stress on the knee joint, such as from activities like running, jumping, or kneeling, can also increase the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis. Additionally, previous knee injuries, such as fractures or ligament tears, can damage the cartilage and increase the likelihood of osteoarthritis. Genetic factors and certain medical conditions, such as obesity or rheumatoid arthritis, can also play a role in the development of knee osteoarthritis.
The symptoms of knee osteoarthritis can vary from person to person but often include pain, stiffness, swelling, aching, and limited range of motion in the knee joint. The pain may worsen with physical activity or after prolonged periods of inactivity, such as sitting or sleeping. Over time, the symptoms may become more persistent and affect daily activities like walking, climbing stairs, or bending the knee. In some cases, there may be a noticeable grating or crunching sensation, known as crepitus, when moving the knee joint.
While there is no cure for knee osteoarthritis, there are various treatment options available to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. These can include lifestyle modifications such as weight management and regular exercise to strengthen the muscles around the knee joint. Physical therapy may also be recommended to improve flexibility, mobility, and stability. Medications like pain relievers or anti-inflammatory drugs can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation. In more severe cases, injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid may be considered. In some instances, surgical interventions such as arthroscopy or joint replacement surgery may be necessary.
